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Technology

AvaCloud manages the infrastructure, the operations, and the expertise, so your business focuses on revenue.

Managed Infrastructure

L1s are deployed and managed through robust, automated infrastructure architecture, designed to meet the most rigorous standards and service-level agreements.

Professional Services

The AvaCloud client services and support teams advise pre- and post-deployment, through migrations and go-lives, with co-marketing for community amplification.

Built-in Features

AvaCloud accelerates your time to market with native integrations and no-to-low-code tooling, all in the same portal as your managed infrastructure.

See All Case Studies
Avalanche L1 Performance

The numbers behind the network.

Production-grade attributes and platform-wide metrics from real deployments, measured, not marketed.

Technical Attributes

Max Throughput
7,000+ TPS
Native transfers; scales horizontally and vertically.
Time to Finality
Sub-second
<300ms, single block, deterministic.
Network Validation
Customizable
Permissioned PoA by default; configurable per deployment.
Transaction Fees
Fully Customizable
Gas fees, native token, and rewards under your control.
Interoperability
Native & Fast
3-second end-to-end across networks, no third-party bridges.

Key Metrics for L1s

Total Transactions
2.2 Billion
Across the L1 network.
L1 All-time Launches
60+ Mainnet · 500+ Testnet
Production and pre-production deployments.
RWAs on Chain
$1.17B
Reported by RWA.xyz May 2026.
Active Clients
100+
Institutions, enterprises, and exchanges in production.
Privacy Capabilities
Natively Available
Sender, receiver, and balance privacy by default, fully auditable.
Comparison

Enterprise Network Evaluation.

How the major networks compare on the criteria that matter to institutions: privacy, interoperability, developer ecosystem, performance, operations, and compliance fit.

NetworkPrivacy & ConfidentialityPermissioning & GovernanceInteroperabilityDeveloper Ecosystem & ToolingPerformance & FinalityOperational ModelCompliance PostureComposability & Liquidity
Avalanche L1s
Configurable(Private → Public)
Strong
Privacy at transaction, contract, and validator levels. ZK proofs via AvaCloud.
Strong
Fully configurable — private or public with a parameter change. Custom validator sets.
Strong
Native Interchain Messaging (ICM). No bridges needed. Optional C-Chain connection.
Strong
Full EVM + Solidity. Custom VMs in Rust or Go. Entire Ethereum toolchain available.
Strong
Sub-2s finality in production. 4,500+ TPS. Fixed fees post-Etna upgrade.
Strong
Managed via AvaCloud SLA. Self-hosted also viable. ~$50–100/mo per validator.
Strong
ZK-based compliance tooling. Proven: Bergen County, CadDAV, Citi, FIFA.
Strong
Optional C-Chain access for DeFi and public liquidity. Private-first, public when ready.
Canton
Public-Permissioned
Strong
Sub-transaction privacy by default. Participants see only their relevant data.
Strong
Identity-aware, permissioned participants. Consortium governance via Digital Asset.
Medium
Global Synchronizer trial live (32 participants). Canton-only — no external chain access.
Weak
DAML required. Small talent pool. Not EVM-compatible. High hiring cost.
Medium
Designed for institutional throughput. Scalability not yet battle-tested.
Medium
Managed by Digital Asset. Undisclosed joining fee. Limited self-hosted option.
Strong
Built for regulated finance. Strong institutional alignment.
Weak
No public liquidity. Canton Coin or USD only. No DeFi access.
Hyperledger Fabric
Private-Permissioned
Strong
Private channels between known members. MSP enforces identity. No shared state.
Strong
Consortium-governed. Known participants. Well-understood enterprise access controls.
Weak
Interoperability is custom-built. No native cross-chain messaging. Closed by design.
Medium
Go, Java, Node.js. Not EVM-compatible. Mature but siloed. High DevOps overhead.
Medium
~3,500 TPS. Sub-second finality. Degrades with complex endorsement policies.
Strong
Fully self-hosted and on-prem. No external dependencies. Mature enterprise playbooks.
Strong
Full auditability. Established in trade finance, supply chain, healthcare.
Weak
No public liquidity or DeFi. Closed consortium only. No path to public markets.
Ethereum Mainnet
Public-Permissionless
Weak
Global shared state. All transactions visible. Privacy requires application-layer work.
Weak
No native permissioning. Role-based controls must be built at application layer.
Medium
Bridge-dependent. CDP and LayerZero available but add trust assumptions.
Strong
Largest Solidity ecosystem. Richest tooling. Best recruiting and open-source coverage.
Weak
~30 TPS. 12s block times. Gas fees spike to $50–360+ during congestion.
Medium
No SLA, no managed option. Institutions cannot control validators or network parameters.
Medium
Full public auditability. Compliance must be engineered at application level.
Strong
Deepest DeFi ecosystem. Reference layer for tokenized assets and stablecoins.
Base
Ethereum L2(OP Stack)
Weak
No native privacy. Public mempool. No permissioning at chain level.
Weak
No native permissioning. Coinbase operates sequencer — centralized control point.
Medium
Settles to Ethereum L1. 7-day withdrawal window. OP Superchain interop developing.
Strong
Full EVM compatibility. Strong Coinbase ecosystem. Full Ethereum toolchain.
Medium
2,000+ TPS. Cheap fees (~$0.001–$0.010s). Soft finality ~2s. L1 finality 7 days.
Weak
Sequencer run by Coinbase. No self-hosted option. No enterprise SLA.
Medium
Coinbase regulatory credibility. No native compliance tooling.
Strong
Growing TVL. Stablecoin activity. Coinbase retail and institutional distribution.
Arbitrum
Ethereum L2(Nitro)
Weak
No native privacy. Fraud proofs require public data. App-layer work required.
Medium
Orbit chains allow some access controls. Standard Arbitrum One has no permissioning.
Medium
Settles to Ethereum L1. 7-day challenge period. Orbit chains communicate within ecosystem.
Strong
Strongest EVM parity. Stylus adds Rust and C++. Large DeFi-native developer base.
Medium
4,000+ TPS. Low fees. Soft finality ~1s. 7-day withdrawal limits capital efficiency.
Medium
Sequencer by Offchain Labs. Enterprise SLA. Repeated DAG governance. No managed deployment.
Strong
Mature audit ecosystem. Compliance built at application layer.
Strong
Highest L2 TVL. Deep DeFi composability. Strong institutional DeFi presence.
Solana
Public-Permissionless
Weak
Global public ledger. SPL Confidential Transfers are opt-in and limited in scope.
Weak
No network-level permissioning. Open validator set. App-layer only.
Medium
Wormhole and bridges available. No native atomic cross-chain messaging.
Medium
Rust and C/C++. Not EVM-compatible. Growing ecosystem but requires developer retraining.
Strong
65,000+ theoretical TPS. Sub-second finality (~$0.000025/tx). History of network outages.
Weak
Public validators. No enterprise SLA. Repeated network outages (2022–2023).
Weak
No native compliance tooling. Less mature audit ecosystem than EVM.
Strong
Deep consumer DeFi. Growing stablecoin activity (Visa, PayPal PYUSD).

Avalanche L1s

Configurable (Private → Public)

Network
Privacy & Confidentiality
Strong
Privacy at transaction, contract, and validator levels. ZK proofs via AvaCloud.
Permissioning & Governance
Strong
Fully configurable — private or public with a parameter change. Custom validator sets.
Interoperability
Strong
Native Interchain Messaging (ICM). No bridges needed. Optional C-Chain connection.
Developer Ecosystem & Tooling
Strong
Full EVM + Solidity. Custom VMs in Rust or Go. Entire Ethereum toolchain available.
Performance & Finality
Strong
Sub-2s finality in production. 4,500+ TPS. Fixed fees post-Etna upgrade.
Operational Model
Strong
Managed via AvaCloud SLA. Self-hosted also viable. ~$50–100/mo per validator.
Compliance Posture
Strong
ZK-based compliance tooling. Proven: Bergen County, CadDAV, Citi, FIFA.
Composability & Liquidity
Strong
Optional C-Chain access for DeFi and public liquidity. Private-first, public when ready.

Canton

Public-Permissioned

Privacy & Confidentiality
Strong
Sub-transaction privacy by default. Participants see only their relevant data.
Permissioning & Governance
Strong
Identity-aware, permissioned participants. Consortium governance via Digital Asset.
Interoperability
Medium
Global Synchronizer trial live (32 participants). Canton-only — no external chain access.
Developer Ecosystem & Tooling
Weak
DAML required. Small talent pool. Not EVM-compatible. High hiring cost.
Performance & Finality
Medium
Designed for institutional throughput. Scalability not yet battle-tested.
Operational Model
Medium
Managed by Digital Asset. Undisclosed joining fee. Limited self-hosted option.
Compliance Posture
Strong
Built for regulated finance. Strong institutional alignment.
Composability & Liquidity
Weak
No public liquidity. Canton Coin or USD only. No DeFi access.

Hyperledger Fabric

Private-Permissioned

Privacy & Confidentiality
Strong
Private channels between known members. MSP enforces identity. No shared state.
Permissioning & Governance
Strong
Consortium-governed. Known participants. Well-understood enterprise access controls.
Interoperability
Weak
Interoperability is custom-built. No native cross-chain messaging. Closed by design.
Developer Ecosystem & Tooling
Medium
Go, Java, Node.js. Not EVM-compatible. Mature but siloed. High DevOps overhead.
Performance & Finality
Medium
~3,500 TPS. Sub-second finality. Degrades with complex endorsement policies.
Operational Model
Strong
Fully self-hosted and on-prem. No external dependencies. Mature enterprise playbooks.
Compliance Posture
Strong
Full auditability. Established in trade finance, supply chain, healthcare.
Composability & Liquidity
Weak
No public liquidity or DeFi. Closed consortium only. No path to public markets.

Ethereum Mainnet

Public-Permissionless

Privacy & Confidentiality
Weak
Global shared state. All transactions visible. Privacy requires application-layer work.
Permissioning & Governance
Weak
No native permissioning. Role-based controls must be built at application layer.
Interoperability
Medium
Bridge-dependent. CDP and LayerZero available but add trust assumptions.
Developer Ecosystem & Tooling
Strong
Largest Solidity ecosystem. Richest tooling. Best recruiting and open-source coverage.
Performance & Finality
Weak
~30 TPS. 12s block times. Gas fees spike to $50–360+ during congestion.
Operational Model
Medium
No SLA, no managed option. Institutions cannot control validators or network parameters.
Compliance Posture
Medium
Full public auditability. Compliance must be engineered at application level.
Composability & Liquidity
Strong
Deepest DeFi ecosystem. Reference layer for tokenized assets and stablecoins.

Base

Ethereum L2 (OP Stack)

Privacy & Confidentiality
Weak
No native privacy. Public mempool. No permissioning at chain level.
Permissioning & Governance
Weak
No native permissioning. Coinbase operates sequencer — centralized control point.
Interoperability
Medium
Settles to Ethereum L1. 7-day withdrawal window. OP Superchain interop developing.
Developer Ecosystem & Tooling
Strong
Full EVM compatibility. Strong Coinbase ecosystem. Full Ethereum toolchain.
Performance & Finality
Medium
2,000+ TPS. Cheap fees (~$0.001–$0.010s). Soft finality ~2s. L1 finality 7 days.
Operational Model
Weak
Sequencer run by Coinbase. No self-hosted option. No enterprise SLA.
Compliance Posture
Medium
Coinbase regulatory credibility. No native compliance tooling.
Composability & Liquidity
Strong
Growing TVL. Stablecoin activity. Coinbase retail and institutional distribution.

Arbitrum

Ethereum L2 (Nitro)

Privacy & Confidentiality
Weak
No native privacy. Fraud proofs require public data. App-layer work required.
Permissioning & Governance
Medium
Orbit chains allow some access controls. Standard Arbitrum One has no permissioning.
Interoperability
Medium
Settles to Ethereum L1. 7-day challenge period. Orbit chains communicate within ecosystem.
Developer Ecosystem & Tooling
Strong
Strongest EVM parity. Stylus adds Rust and C++. Large DeFi-native developer base.
Performance & Finality
Medium
4,000+ TPS. Low fees. Soft finality ~1s. 7-day withdrawal limits capital efficiency.
Operational Model
Medium
Sequencer by Offchain Labs. Enterprise SLA. Repeated DAG governance. No managed deployment.
Compliance Posture
Strong
Mature audit ecosystem. Compliance built at application layer.
Composability & Liquidity
Strong
Highest L2 TVL. Deep DeFi composability. Strong institutional DeFi presence.

Solana

Public-Permissionless

Privacy & Confidentiality
Weak
Global public ledger. SPL Confidential Transfers are opt-in and limited in scope.
Permissioning & Governance
Weak
No network-level permissioning. Open validator set. App-layer only.
Interoperability
Medium
Wormhole and bridges available. No native atomic cross-chain messaging.
Developer Ecosystem & Tooling
Medium
Rust and C/C++. Not EVM-compatible. Growing ecosystem but requires developer retraining.
Performance & Finality
Strong
65,000+ theoretical TPS. Sub-second finality (~$0.000025/tx). History of network outages.
Operational Model
Weak
Public validators. No enterprise SLA. Repeated network outages (2022–2023).
Compliance Posture
Weak
No native compliance tooling. Less mature audit ecosystem than EVM.
Composability & Liquidity
Strong
Deep consumer DeFi. Growing stablecoin activity (Visa, PayPal PYUSD).

Comparison reflects publicly available information and AvaCloud customer engagements as of Q2 2026. Client logos referenced for context, pending legal approval.

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